When antibiotics turn toxic

Bacterial Pathogenesis: When a turn off is a turn on

Pathogenic bacteria express distinct sets of genes at different stages in their life cycles; inappropriate expression of normally repressed genes during host colonization can interfere with bacterial survival.

When Antibiotics Appear to Fail

he patient was a 17-year-old unmarried, primi-gravida who delivered via vacuum-assisted vaginal extraction two days previously. In the course of the delivery, a significant midline and extensive right lateral wall vaginal tear occurred. The patient was discharged on the first postpartum day; however, she represented herself to the clinic 24 h later with shaking chills, a temperature of 103.3F, ...

When Do Antibiotics Induce “Resistance”?

Turn to TCRs when CARs fail

The past few years have brought exciting progress in the development of novel forms of immunotherapy of cancer. While antibody blockade of negative pathways that inhibit T cell function, such as CTLA-4 and PD1, has resulted in clinical benefits for patients who have failed conventional therapy options, this strategy lacks cancer specificity as it also activates T cells with selfreactive potenti...

When your child does not need antibiotics.

Bacteria Bacteriacancauseear infections, sinus infections, somesore throats, and pneumonia. Antibiotics are strongmedicines that are designed tokillbacteria,buttheyhavenosalutaryeffectonaviral infection.Duringavisit toyourpediatrician,heor shewillwant toknowthehistory of your child’s symptoms, todoaphysical examinationof your child, and to evaluatewhether or not the infection is viral or bacter...